b. helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. These are the same four discussed under respondent conditioning. b. ego. bodily sensations. Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. d. encourages individuals to share information with the group. See Figure 2.1 below.
Gen psych chapter 13 - Subjecto.com d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. Recent research has discovered that autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia all share genetic roots. Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? Often, proponents of a given model find themselves in disagreement with proponents of other models. c. deep brain stimulation. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. a. existential
They might go through reuptake, which is the process of the presynaptic neuron taking up excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space for future use or enzymatic degradation when enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space. Males have X and Y chromosomes while females have two Xs. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? Second, the participants in his studies were not representative of the broader population. What are the three assessment techniques used by Freud? Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. None of the models are complete within themselves. 2.2.2. How does the humanistic perspective approach psychopathology? Eventually, the response brought about by the sympathetic nervous system must end. b. transference. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weight gain, restlessness, tremors, and rigidity. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. For communication, decide if the problem is related to speaking, listening, or both and then develop a plan for use in various interpersonal situations. b. family therapy. Behaviors and thoughts may influence the development of psychological disorders. Dogs do not enter the world knowing to respond to the ringing of a bell (which it hears). The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to:
a. cognition-focused therapists. a. behavior-focused
d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards. d. displacement. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? The goal of therapy is to wean patients from their childlike dependency on the therapist. 116. None of the models are complete within themselves. The perspectives do offer hope to people suffering tragedy by asserting that we control our destiny and can make our own choices. b. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. 40. b. d. humanistic. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. The sociocultural model has contributed significantly to our understanding of the nuances of mental illness diagnosis, prognosis, course, and treatment for other races, cultures, genders, ethnicities. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? d. client-centered therapy. d. It is difficult to predict which people who share the same culture will develop a particular disorder. Ego-defense mechanisms are in place to protect us from this pain but are considered maladaptive if they are misused and become our primary way of dealing with stress. When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals:
a. avoid discussing religion. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors.
PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com
The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is:
a. projection. Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. Module Overview. c. repression. a. sociocultural
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. demonological, 4. They were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: how prejudice and discrimination impact women. c. ego. Again, your schema about front row and back row students is incorrect and causes you to make certain assumptions about these individuals. d. damage control. In fact, in many college classrooms, this is exactly what the instructor does. Important here is that specific culture- and gender-related diagnostic issues are discussed for each disorder, demonstrating increased awareness of the impact of these factors. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called:
a. primary prevention. In the case of respondent conditioning, stimuli exert complete and automatic control over some behaviors. Genetic issues and explanations. Rita is seeing a gestalt therapist because she has anxiety about confronting her sister regarding painful interactions from their childhood. 50. You are doing your best. See Figure 2.4 below. A family systems theorist might suggest that Robin comes from a(n) _____ family. This strategy teaches social skills, communication, assertiveness through direct instruction, role playing, and modeling. The nervous system. Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. In the case of when, it will be either fixed or at a set rate, or variable and at a rate that changes. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. It is difficult to research this perspective. a. psychodynamic
b. sociocultural
c. cognitive-behavioral
d. humanistic-existential, 9. d. catharsis. a. family-social
b. multicultural
c. psychodynamic
d. humanistic-existential, 135. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. d. it is too narrow in certain ways. The brain. Choose one answer. c. tertiary prevention. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freuds-patients-serial/201201/bertha-pappenheim-1859-1936. d. Genes do not interact with the environment. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. The objective of the Human Genome Project was to:
a. clone a mammal. a. tertiary
b. mutual-help
c. cognitive-behavioral
d. integrative behavioral. Individuals in this situation are unsure of what they feel, value, or need leading to dysfunction and the need for therapy. After you perform poorly on the exam, you blame your professor. Maladaptive cognitions. 2.2.2.2. 2.3.3.6. a. 127. As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with:
a. unknown causes. a. Dysfunction b. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. Conditioning, or a type of associative learning, occurs when two separate events become connected. Observational learning. d. disengaged. The following Content Outline provides an overview of the history of understanding psychological disorders, followed by a summary of the major theoretical models used to explain them. Postconditioning. Maybe it changed to biweekly and I missed the email. Due to this endurance, we say that intermittent or partial reinforcement shows resistance to extinction, meaning the behavior does weaken, but gradually. Food, water, temperature, and sex, for instance, are primary reinforcers, while extreme cold or hot or a punch on the arm are inherently punishing. d. object relations. Anti-anxiety medications help with the symptoms of anxiety and include benzodiazepines such as Clonazepam, Alprazolam, and Lorazepam. The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). 2.3.4. c. depression.
Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model The biological model is generally well respected today but suffers a few key issues. List and define the ten defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. d. lend itself easily to research. We then discussed biological, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality. b. ones values and goals. But women may experience these illnesses differently certain symptoms may be more common in women than in men, and the course of the illness can be affected by the sex of the individual. In terms of the biological model, neurotransmitters, brain structures, hormones, genes, and viral . It handles the CNSs input and output and divides into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Once the information has been interpreted, commands are sent out, telling the body how to respond (Step E), also via the peripheral nervous system. b. self-actualizing. According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? 106. 114. Communication in the nervous system. His name is
First, Freud made most of his observations in an unsystematic, uncontrolled way, and he relied on the case study method. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. Unconditioned means unlearned. How so? Which theorist would be MOST likely to advocate use of skillful frustration as a part of therapy? a. psychodynamic
b. cognitive
c. humanistic-existential
d. behavioral. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. Right? We are more likely to model behaviors by someone who commands our attention. This criticism would be true of behaviorisms first two stages, though sociobehaviorism steered away from this proposition and even fought against any mechanistic leanings of behaviorists. It was fun for me to swim in a lake near my house as a child. List and describe the models of abnormality. Behaviorism was dominant from 1913 to 1990 before being absorbed into mainstream psychology. b. insight. A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model B The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. b. sociocultural
18. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. Breuer made daily visits and allowed her to share stories from her private theater, which she came to call talking cure or chimney sweeping. Many of the stories she shared were actually thoughts or events she found troubling and reliving them helped to relieve or eliminate the symptoms. Cognitive processes cannot be empirically and reliably measured and should be ignored. They protect us from anxiety and operate unconsciously by distorting reality. Criticisms. The principle of multifinality emphasizes that:
a. stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. c. extended psychoanalytic therapy. If it receives sufficient stimulation, causing the polarity inside the neuron to rise from -70 mV to -55mV (. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. c. psychosurgery. Existential therapy is used to treat substance abuse, excessive anxiety, apathy, alienation, nihilism, avoidance, shame, addiction, despair, depression, guilt, anger, rage, resentment, embitterment, purposelessness, psychosis, and violence. What exactly are some of the neurotransmitters which are so critical for neural transmission, and are essential to our discussion of psychopathology? Robin struggles to make decisions about romantic partners, jobs, and even what to wear. Freuds psychoanalysis was unique in the history of psychology because it did not arise within universities as most major schools of thought did; rather, it emerged from medicine and psychiatry to address psychopathology and examine the unconscious. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy are risk factors for ADHD. Consider where students sit in a class. Other examples will be discussed throughout this book. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. She relapsed and was admitted to Bellevue Sanatorium on July 1, eventually being released in October of the same year. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? c. There is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. 160. As such, he continues to steal her toys. c. gestalt therapy. The drug eliminates the biological urge to drink alcohol. They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. It leads us to adopt our parents values as we come to realize that many of the ids impulses are unacceptable. For mental health professionals, models help us to understand mental illness since diseases such as depression cannot be touched or experienced firsthand. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. 67. Multicultural psychologists assert that both normal behavior and abnormal behavior need to be understood in the context of the individuals unique culture and the groups value system. a. 145. a. depression
b. Huntingtons disease
c. social anxiety disorder
d. schizophrenia. Amelia has been told that her course of therapy is likely to take a year or more because it involves the reshaping of her personality and that takes many sessions. What happens when an electrical impulse reaches a neurons ending? Track the accuracy of the thought. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to:
a. develop depression when under stress. On the other hand, if we see a sibling constantly getting in trouble with the law, then we may not model this behavior due to the negative consequences. This form of behavior therapy is widely used in clinical, business, and classroom situations. Their family and friends may disapprove of some of their actions but overall, respect and love them. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) was first proposed by George L. Engel and Jon Romano of the University of Rochester in 1977. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? This approach to learning was called connectionism. The electrical portion of the neural impulse is just the start. 93. We should also note the existence of non-associative learning or when there is no linking of information or observing the actions of others around you. d. sociocultural. d. case studies. When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. Simply, she placed the child in one end of a room and then brought in the rabbit. When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. 111. The content of dreams includes the persons actual retelling of the dreams, called manifest content, and the hidden or symbolic meaning called latent content. So, if there are 10 objects/situations in the list, the client will experience ten such pairings and eventually be able to face each without fear. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? d. ego ideal. Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. 159. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. You have likely heard about Pavlov and his dogs, but what you may not know is that this was a discovery made accidentally. This approach stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential. Evaluate the usefulness of the cognitive model. c. relational psychoanalytic therapy. 108. c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. c. unconditional positive regard. It is difficult to research this perspective. How so? c. explain the connection between religious practices and mental health. Outside of biological and psychological factors on mental illness, race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, etc. If your parents resort to alcohol consumption to deal with stressors life presents, then you also might do the same. Dichotomous thinking Viewing people or events in all-or-nothing terms. a. It is generally understood that the students who sit in the front of the class are the overachievers and want to earn an A in the class. In terms of what is being reinforced, we will either reinforce responses or time. Briefly outline how communication in the nervous system occurs. This is called the, Step 5 After a short time, the neuron can fire again, but needs greater than normal levels of stimulation to do so. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. What if you found out that a friend who sits in the front row is a C student but sits there because he cannot see the screen or board, even with corrective lenses?
Hormones are important to psychologists because they manage the nervous system and body tissues at certain stages of development and activate behaviors such as alertness or sleepiness, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, reaction to stress, and a desire for companionship. b. existential therapy. 90. Freud believed that the id is fueled by:
a. self-preservation. Differentiate uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality. A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: a. humanistic. The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? If we stop providing the food pellets, in time, the rat will stop pushing the lever. Hence, to reach -55mV and fire, it will need more than the normal gain of +15mV (-70 to -55 mV). For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. 134. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. You might make the case that some of the side effects are worse than the condition they are treating. For example, some women may experience symptoms of mental disorders at times of hormone change, such as perinatal depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and perimenopause-related depression. d. latent content. This was a positive punisher that did not have to be learned, and definitely not one of my finer moments in life.