Gertrude Saver (1920-1975) *54 The grave site of Gertrude Saver.. A world traveler, Josephine enjoyed visiting other countries as well as exploring the U.S. Born Dec. 11, 1960, the youngest twin boy with brother Mark D., two weeks premature from their Christmas delivery date, the only person not surprised was his mother. This is the cost to purchase a casket from the funeral home. SIDNEY - Effie Wheeler, 91, died peacefully on Feb. 22, 2023, at Fox Nursing Home in Oneonta, following a lengthy illness. Have the price list for this funeral home? To plant trees in memory . Price. Obituary. Send a note, share a story or upload a photo. In 1970 he learned of an opportunity, and bought Oneontas Rothery-Murphy Funeral Home at 14 Grand. This is the cost to purchase a burial vault from the funeral home. > Home > About Us > Funeral Planning > Pre-Planning > Resources Les is still back and forth. By JIM KEVLIN Hometown Oneonta & The Freemans Journal, I always liked to be involved, said the Oneonta funeral director who is the Otsego County Chamber of Commerces Eugene A. Bettiol Jr. 607-432-6821
This is the fee for the basic organizational services that the funeral home will provide. Fond memories and expressions of sympathy may be shared at ONEONTA - Antoinette "Connie" Colwell, 96, of Oneonta, passed away peacefully on Monday, Dec. 5, 2022, at home. An enthusiastic and diligent student of the martial arts, Doug earned a third degree black belt in Shitoh-ryu Karate and enjoyed using his skills as a teaching assistant in the karate classes at SUNY Oneonta. CANDLE HAS BEEN LIT CANDLES HAVE BEEN LIT, We are reviewing your submission. Service Form I never said no., Chamber President Barbara Ann Heegan, who served on the Special Project Committee that made this years selections, said: He contributes to the community in such an impactful way, adding, He thoroughly enjoys the people of the community.. Listing 6 current services and obituaries. Landenberg, He graduated from Oneonta High School, Class of 1970. 535-C West Lambert Road. Prove you're not a robot: *
A complete obituary and service announcement will follow. NOTE: Adobe ReaderClick Here. Lester Grummans was very thorough with the handling of my fathers funeral last year and moms funeral this year. But his innovations extended beyond that. She was born on July 3, 1952 in Margaretville, the daughter of Arthur and Laura (Mansheffer) Pindar. Reviewed on Google She was a talented folk painter and quilter. In 1970 he learned of an opportunity, and bought Oneonta's Rothery-Murphy Funeral Home at 14 Grand. She grew up with her brother on the family farm in Treadwell. Looking for something you can't find? Add pricing info. What does Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home do very well? She was fond of ONEONTA - Doug Cannistra passed away Feb. 21, 2023, at Albany Medical Center, following a valiant and lengthy battle with lymphoma. Please contact the funeral home for The staff was supportive and helpful. It is a time to share memories, receive condolences and say goodbye. It has taken me a little time to extend my gratitude, but, I do so now wholeheartedly. Memory Garden Memorial Park and Mortuary. View Recent Obituaries for Heller & Skinner Funeral Home and the Lewis, Hurley & Pietrobono Funeral Home. Effie was an avid reader and always had a book by her chair. Doug and Alice enjoyed international travel with the family, owning and riding horses and daily long walks with their Great Danes. In lieu of flowers, expressions of sympathy may be made to the Susquehanna SPCA or St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. + Reviewed on Google on Dec. 5, 2019, 12:03 a.m. Ryan took care of us and had all the answers in a kind, caring and understanding manner. available. Contact
Leave a condolence, share a memory, post a photo, light a candle and more! Doug Cannistra passed away February 21, 2023 at Albany Medical Center after a valiant and lengthy battle with lymphoma. What was the process of arranging a funeral like? BOSTON, Mass. A celebration of life service will follow. This is the fee for additional preparation of the body, such as dressing and casketing. Hes a former Jaycee, a Moose, an Eagle and a member of the Knights of Columbus, third and fourth degree, the fourth adding the dimension of promoting patriotism. The professional, dedicated staff can assist you in making memorial service service preparations, funeral preparation, and assist you through cremation options. In 1957 she married the love of SIDNEY - Clifford "Chip" W. Marsh, 86, of Sidney, passed away on Dec. 16, 2022. 21 Main Street - P.O. Order by 3:00PMThe day before. In lieu of flowers, expressions of sympathy may be made to the Susquehanna SPCA or St. Judes Childrens Research Hospital. Divorced and remarried, these Afghan women are outlaws under Taliban rule, A.O. Joseph Ruffino Sr, 78, of Oneonta, a long-time local business owner, passed away on Wednesday, November 23, 2016 at Bassett Healthcare in Cooperstown.He was born on March 1, 1938 in Carini, Sicily, th We are always here to help. Born Nov. 19, 1940, Larry was the son of Earle and Emma Neff. , 21 Main Street - P.O. You will also receive an online memorial to share with family and friends in addition to the services we provide. How would you describe the ambiance and decor at Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home? No matter how it's tailored, such a ceremony is an important step in recovering from loss. You are a gem and we were lucky to have you. He was surrounded by his family and close friends while enjoying a beloved program that he and his wife watched religiously together. Through NYS Doug earned certifications as a building inspector, fire and safety inspector and Trainer of Trainers, allowing him to certify others in these fields. Declaration for Disposition of Cremeate Remains Send Flowers: When Is the Ordering Deadline? This is a common price to purchase funeral flowers. They carried out all our wishes. Crematory Form This is the fee to purchase printed funeral programs. This is generally required if you would like to hold the service at the funeral home or if you will be needing any assistance from the staff for the service. more directly from independent sellers at great prices. Grummons recruited Connie Yastremski of Cooperstown, Bassetts retired chief nurse, to the Hospice board, which she now chairs. She was a graduate of Oneonta High School and went on to work at the Credit Bureau of Oneonta for close to 50 years. ONEONTA - Joyce B. Kuhn, 90, passed away peacefully on Friday, July 1, 2022. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 21 Railroad Ave. Cooperstown, New York 13326 (607) 547-6103, New In Town, Grummons Got To Know Everyone, Ukraine live briefing: Bakhmut almost destroyed, city official says; U.S. attorney general visits Lviv. What could Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home do to improve? The funeral service is an important point of closure for those who have suffered a recent loss, often marking just the beginning of collective mourning. You can rely on us to assist you in creating a unique, long-lasting memorial to your loved one, and we'll gently guide you through the various decisions that must be made during this difficult time. Starting at age 16, Doug worked for the City of Oneonta's Department of Public Works and SIDNEY - Effie D. Wheeler, 91, of Sidney, formerly of Treadwell, passed away on Feb. 22, 2023, in Oneonta. MacArthur Funeral Home. Embalming Authorization Form Our Story; Our Staff; Our Locations; Our Calendar; Contact Us; Directions; Send Flowers; Call: 607-432-1511; Call: 607-432-1511; Our Location. Tribute will contact you if there are any issues. My experience with the Lester Grummons funeral home was a dignified experience. Calvary Cemetery, Emmons. - Ian Matthew Ryan, 33, of Boston, Massachusetts, passed away on Friday, Feb. 3, 2023. services before making purchase decisions. We have a genuine sense of caring for all individuals and families served. $8,900. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The family extends a sincere thank you to all the staff at Fox Nursing Home who provided her with excellent and loving care. We promise to diligently earn the Trust, to the highest degree, that each family places in us. We make it easy to get the answers you need. Leave a memory or share a photo or video below to show your support. Phone scammers tried to rob a grandma in Canada. For some years, they shifted to powder-blue suits and patent leather shoes. You will receive email notifications when changes are made to the online memorial, including when family and friends post to the Guestbook. Les Grummons sits in on those, although he still strives to offer the same comforts he has for decades. Fond memories and expressions of sympathy may be shared at www.grummonsfuneralhome.com for the Cannistra family. We also offer funeral pre-planning and carry a wide selection of caskets, vaults, urns and burial containers. My Mom was surrounded by hundreds and hundreds of people and her life was celebrated beautifully. Born on May 24,1924, Mary was t Have the price list for this funeral home?
He predeceased her on Feb. 23, 2007. When she returned to Oneonta just before MILFORD - Lawrence "Larry" Irving Neff, 82, of Arnold Lake, passed away Friday, June 10, 2022. He was predeceased by his parents, two brothers, Thomas and Phillip and a beloved cousin, Frances Solovitch. A ceremony can be anything you wish it to be: simple or elaborate, traditional or unique. 607-432-6821
You Info@MemoryGarden.com . My mothers funeral was handled by Lester Grummons Funeral Home. Orange & Los Angeles Counties 535-C West Lambert Road. ONEONTA - Doug Cannistra passed away Feb. 21, 2023, at Albany Medical Center, following a valiant and lengthy battle with lymphoma. Ryan is kind, compassionate and he takes time to listen and is never in a hurry for a response. Serving his country in the Air Force, Chip was honorably discharged in 1959. Upon his retirement Doug began a second career as an aide to Sen. James Seward, a job which he enjoyed immensely, and stayed with the senator until his retirement from politics. Serving greater Southern California for Twenty Four years, Accord Cremation And Burial Services is a small yet progressive mortuary group. Memory Garden Memorial Park and Mortuary offers several packages to help you plan the services you want, while keeping prices within a budget. To follow Douglas's story, enter your email. read more. I went to St. Marys school and the OHS with Michael Grummons. During peak periods such as Valentines Day, Memorial Day and most holidays, florists are not always able to keep up to demand. This is the fee for the services the funeral home will provide during a graveside service. Tony was born on July 2, 1922, in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, son of the late Charles and Phyllis Drago, both of Oneonta, and brother of the late Carmelita Heiner. Dignity continues to bring in new business methods that impress the former owner. Discounted packages may also be Copyright In our time of sorrow, they helped us through the process. He was born March 5, 1943, in Utica, the son of John B. and Sophia F. (Pitfido) Cain. A Funeral Service will be held on Thursday, December 11, 2003 at 11:00 AM in the Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home, 14 Grand St., Oneonta, N.Y. 13820, with the Rev. For a complete obituary, please go to DignityMemorial.com. Everything was taken care of as requested. Edward Golding officiating. Map & Directions. Private burial will be held in Ouleout Valley Cemetery, Franklin, in the spring. While Kent worked for him, Grummons became state Funeral Directors Association president, so Kent was particularly proud to succeed his mentor as NYSFDA president in 2016-17. We are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week to answer questions you may have. If you have a news tip please call 607-547-6103 and or e-mail info@allotsego.com. Doug Cannistra passed away February 21, 2023 at Albany Medical Center after a valiant and lengthy battle with lymphoma. After attending ONEONTA - Josephine E. Markovich, 97, of Stamford, formerly of Oneonta, passed away on Thursday, Feb. 23, 2023, at Robinson Terrace Nursing and Rehabilitation. He was promoted to director of Cass Residential Center in Rensselaerville and ultimately the NYSOCFS Aftercare Program in Binghamton, from which he retired in 2006. A&P Form During a few years of transition, it was the Murphy-Grummons Funeral Home before evolving into the Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home. This site is provided as a service of SCI Shared Resources, LLC. He graduated from Oneonta High School, Class of 1970. During peak periods such as Valentines Day, Memorial Day and most holidays, florists are not always able to keep up to demand. = During peak periods such as Valentines Day, Memorial Day and most holidays, florists are not always able to keep up to demand. Contact. Your entry has exceeded the maximum character limit. She was a Christian. This is generally required if you would like to hold a viewing and visitation at the funeral home or if you will be needing any assistance from the staff. Friends are invited to greet the family from 11 a.m. until noon, Friday, March 31, at Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home, 14 Grand St., Oneonta, where the family will be in attendance. He was commissioned as second lieutenant in the U.S. Army. ONEONTA - Roger Bruce McPhail, 83, passed away on Oct. 22, 2022, at Albany Medical Center Hospital in Albany. 455 W. Central Ave. Brea CA 92821 (714 ) 529-3961. This fee is generally mandatory. We willguide your family in creating a meaningful ceremony to honor the life and memory of a loved one. You'll be prompted to create an account. Roger was born in Niagara Falls, on April 2, 1939, to Howard and Edna McPhail. Helping Families and Friends Honor Their Loved One. $300. Hall & Peet Funeral Home. Help others by adding or updating Please feel free to browse our pages to learn more about pre-planning a funeral and grief support, as well as the traditional funeral and cremation services that we have to offer. To plant trees in memory, please visit the Sympathy Store. We encourage you to use our beautifully designed interactiveonline tributesto pay your respects. He was 60 and the beloved twin son of Mark A. and R. Armida Colone of Oneonta. He also taught senior self-defense for the Center for Continuing Adult Learning. FD 1591, San Bernardino & Riverside Counties From 1973 until his honorable discharge in 1976, Dan served in the DAVENPORT - Eldred L. "Doc" Holliday, 95, of Davenport, went on his journey to his final home in the evening of Aug. 4, 2022. Reviewed on Google He also taught Senior Self Defense for the Center for Continuing Adult Learning. As a respected funeral home that specializes in funeral and cremation services, Grieco Funeral Home & Crematory, Inc. provides a variety of specialized services to meet the needs and desires of your family. Fox Hospital Announces FoxCare Fitness Will Be Closing June 1, In Memoriam Mary Anne T. Ross, 79 August 17, 1943 February 6, 2023, In Memoriam Esther A. Babcock December 1, 1943 February 17, 2023, In Memoriam Jeffrey Syman, 68 May 17, 1954 February 11, 2023, Highclere Castle Visit Yields New Ideas for Hyde Hall Shop Manager, PEOPLE & BUSINESSES IN THE NEWS: 02-23-23, Citizen Science: False Alarms in Science and the Media: Examining Cause and Effect, NOTEWORTHY: Community Foundation Reaches Granting Milestone, STERNBERG: AFB Vaccine: Its the Bees Knees, Dog Charmer: Not Taking My Own Advice as Jeffrey Joins the Shelby Household, HAWTHORN HILL: Forget the Beltway, Rethink Stale Assumptions, Consider Course Alterations, Noteworthy: DDAM Promotes Inclusivity, Equitable Workforce, LoRusso: Rebuttal to County EMS Program Stance, Salamacha: An Open Letter to Cooperstown Center. To download this photo, the file name must have less than 255 characters. Published by Press & Sun-Bulletin on Mar. After an order is placed, our forestry partners will plant the tree in the area of greatest need (nearest the funeral home), according to the planting schedule for the year. Every interaction with the staff was very respectful to me and my family. 134 Main StreetDelhi, New York 13753Phone:(607) 746-2292Email:paul@hallandpeet.comWebsite:hallandpeet.comDirections:Get Directions, 134Main StreetDelhi,New York13753Phone:(607) 746-2171Email:macarthurfh@gmail.comWebsite:www.macarthurfh.comDirections:Get Directions, 15 Buntline DriveStamford, New York 12167Phone: (607)538-9525Email:macarthurfh@gmail.comWebsite:www.macarthurfh.comGet Directions:Click Here. He brought young people into the business, notably a 15-year-old from East Meredith who is now proprietor of Walter J. Kent Funeral Home in Elmira. Growing up in a small seacoast village, Bill learned to swim and sail on the Long Island sound where he developed his love of ONEONTA - Carole Overbey's family will host a celebration of her life from 2 to 4 p.m., Saturday, July 30, in the back garden of her home at 21 Spruce St., Oneonta. Oneonta, NY. Appropriately, in honor of his father, also Lester, a World War II veteran, the son not a veteran himself has been active for years in the Sons of the Legion, an American Legion adjunct, rising to state commander. Effie was known for her dry and witty sense of humor which was enjoyed by all who knew her. To follow Anthony's story, enter your email. Phone: 1-800-843-0995. Ph: (607) 865-4383. Inland Empire Offices If you are having trouble, click Save Image As and rename the file to meet the character requirement and try again. Interstates were still under construction, vehicular traffic could be slow, and early on he collaborated with attorney Joe Pondolfino in founding Aero Coach Inc., flying a Cessna 206 out of F&F airport, Emmons, to serve the needs of the funeral sector for prompt delivery. Reviewed on Google A lifelong fan of the NY Giants, Yankees, and Notre Dame, the Rolling Stones, and U2, he graduated from Oneonta High School in 1979, SUNY Broome in 1981, and SUNY Binghamton in 1983. Previously, Grummons community involvement was limited to serving on the Vestal Volunteer Fire Department, but as the proprietor of a business he quickly immersed himself in the City of the Hills civic and social life. Note: These are general guidelines; some florists may not be able to operate within these timelines. 134 Main Street Delhi, New York 13753 Phone: (607) 746-2292 Email: paul@hallandpeet.com Website: hallandpeet.com Directions: Get Directions. The Dignity Memorial brand name is used to identify a network of licensed funeral, cremation and cemetery providers that include affiliates of Service Corporation International, 1929 Allen Parkway, Houston, Texas. in Social Science. FD 1685, Statistical Form Page 1 She retired from SUNY HERKIMER - John Paul Cain, 79, of Herkimer, passed away on Saturday Nov. 5, 2022, at St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Utica. While we want to pay tribute to your loved one, we also want to support you by having a variety of resources available to help you not only now, but also in the weeks and months ahead. He was surrounded by family at his side . Living in the comfortable second- and three-floor accommodations at 14 Grand, Les was always close to work too close, his wife Sharon concluded. See the links below for full details of what is included. Brea, CA 92821 FD 1591. Contact
Still, I really liked the funeral business, he said. Upon his retirement Doug began a second career as an aide to Senator James Seward, a job which he enjoyed immensely, and stayed with the Senator until his retirement from politics. Feel free to get in touch with us by calling(484) 734-8100. You will also receive an online memorial to share with family and friends in addition to the services we provide. Let others know about your loved one's death. They built a home in Oneonta and had two daughters, Danielle and Tara, who were the center of Doug's universe. We recommend calling: Have flowers from a local florist delivered to an upcoming service. 14 Grand Street. A celebration of life service will follow. 535-C W Lamber RdBrea, CA 92821. Tony was born on July 2, 1922, in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, son of the late Charles and Phyllis Drago, both of Oneonta, and brother of the late Carmelita Heiner. While we want to pay tribute to your loved one, we also want to support you by having a variety of resources available to help you not only now, but also in the weeks and months ahead. Effie was predeceased by her parents, Minnie (Tuller) and Frank Doring; husband, Alston; brother, Louis Doring; son-in-law, Gordon Mostert; and granddaughter, Katie Hamilton. We have served Sidney, Bainbridge, Afton, Masonville, Trout Creek, Sidney Center, Unadilla, Guilford, Mt. We promise to respectfully take every measure to protect and maintain the Dignity of the loved one lost. You may purchase programs through the funeral home or elsewhere, if you wish. A funeral mass will be held on Tuesday June 28, 2016 at 10:15 AM at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, 39 Walnut Street, Oneonta, NY. Starting at age 16, Doug worked for the City of Oneonta's . He also brought in retired banker and Excelsior College CFO John Pontius and Sue Van Cott, corporate secretary of her family company, Unalam. They built a home in Oneonta and had two daughters, Danielle and Tara, who were the center of Dougs universe. Box 2086Sidney, New York 13838Phone: (607) 563-3545Fax: (607) 563-2046Email:info@landersfh.com. > LEARN MORE. Add pricing info. There, he also met his future wife, Sharon, a nurse. During a few years of transition, it was the Murphy-Grummons Funeral Home before evolving into the Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home. >Home>About Us>Funeral Planning>Pre-Planning>Resources>Obituaries. Grieco Funeral Home & Crematory, Inc. | 405 W State St Kennett Square, PA 19348 Tel: 484-734-8100 | Fax: 215-536-2250 | info@griecofunerals.com 365 Days of Grief Support After attending the SUNY Delhi secretarial program, Effie was employed by Elmore's Feed Company. Then I saw first hand when In 1991, I lost my Mom to a horrible cancer then 5 years ago, I lost my Dad from MS. Each one of my parents services were very different and exactly what they wanted. Declaration for Disposition of Cremeate Remains. As a respected funeral home that specializes in funeral and cremation services, Grieco Funeral Home & Crematory, Inc. provides a variety of specialized services to meet the needs and desires of your family. He graduated from St. Francis de Sales High School in 1960 and Niagara University in 1964. He is survived by his parents; younger sister, Maria Torruella (Bill) of Oneonta; twin Mark of Belmont, North Carolina (Susan, and children Logan and Olivia); the love of his life, Christine; and son, Matthew of Fort Mill, South Carolina; daughter, Marisa of Charleston, South Carolina; and sister-in-law, Lisa Jindra of Durham, North Carolina; and uncles, aunts, and cousins, here and in Italy, and so many friends. When I graduated from high school, Kent remembered, he gave me a present: a green suit.. That jousting grew into a golfing friendship that continues today. I was always that way.. Dan was born on June 20, 1953, in Oneonta, youngest son of Grant Nelson Sr. and Isobel Doris All Moxley. He was a 1971 graduate of Laurens Central School. You will receive email notifications when changes are made to the online memorial, including when family and friends post to the Guestbook. Find 58 listings related to Gloversville Funeral Service in Schenevus on YP.com. My patients have used their services and loved them and". This is the fee for the services the funeral home will provide during a visitation or viewing. TUES-SAT He was both captain and pitcher of the varsity baseball team and captain and quarterback of LAURENS - Daniel J. Moxley, 69, passed away Sunday, Aug. 14, 2022, at Bassett Hospital in Cooperstown, following a battle with cancer. Grieco Funeral Home & Crematory, Inc. | Sign up for service and obituary updates. Leave a condolence, share a memory, post a photo, light a candle and more! And, we promise to uphold and strengthen the Integrity of our profession and principals under which we practice. Embalming is generally not required if proper refrigeration is available. He was born Aug. 7, 1927, in the County of Gotschee, in the Village of Graffenfeld, Yugoslavia, the son of Johann and Maria (Schleimer) Michelitsch. You will receive email notifications when changes are made to the online memorial, including when family and friends post to the Guestbook. She was dedicated to her career, especially to the many years when she worked as the office manager for John Vincent Holden, driller/operator in Houston, Texas. Doug is survived by Alice, his loving wife of 47 years, daughters Danielle Malloy and Tara Bivona (Michael), brothers Robert and David Cannistra (Jody), sisters Maria Bard (Ted) and Susan Klugh and many nieces and nephews. He was promoted to Director of Cass Residential Center in Rensselaerville and ultimately the NYSOCFS Aftercare Program in Binghamton from which he retired in 2006. Empowering people to grieve effectively so that they may heal and once again become vibrant participants in their family and community. When your purchase is complete, a post will be made on the tribute wall of the deceased signifying the planting of a memorial tree. 2023 SCI SHARED RESOURCES, LLC. In addition to her nieces, nephews and friends, Effie is survived by her travel companions and close friends, Margo and Burt Wheeler. Memorial contributions may be made to Susquehanna SPCA or any animal shelter of one's choosing. With over 1,900 locations, Dignity Memorial providers proudly serve over 375,000 families a year. He graduated with the Oneonta High School Class of 1970. Bill was born on Dec. 10, 1947, and raised in Northport, the son of Henry August and Mary (Grant) Schebaum. Roger graduated from La Salle High School, Niagara Falls, as a scholar-athlete. In retirement, Effie moved to Sidney and volunteered at the local library, hospital, and animal shelter. He was born on May 18, 1936, in Franklinville, the son of Albert and Ruth (Chase) Marsh. In lieu of flowers, the family asks that you contribute to the charity of your choice or throw a party, take a vacation, attend a sporting event, play your favorite music loud, and love one another. Help tell the story of your loved ones unique life. $150. They answer all questions and return phone calls. She could often be found on a long walk or leading exercise classes at her church. You have to be sensitive; you have to be a good listener, he said. Mary M. Antonucci May 24,1924 - Dec. 27, 2021 ONEONTA - Mary M. Antonucci of Country Club Road, Oneonta, NY died peacefully at Fox Nursing Home after a brief illness. Help others by adding or updating Arrangements are by the Lester R. Grummons Funeral Home, Oneonta. 4 Landers Funeral Chapel has been proud to serve the Tri-Town area for many generations.
SIDNEY - Effie Wheeler, 91, died peacefully on Feb. 22, 2023, at Fox Nursing Home in Oneonta, following a lengthy illness. Elaine Goater. Cremation will take place under the direction of Grummons Funeral Home and his final resting place will be in the columbarium in Mount Calvary Cemetery in Oneonta. We believe each family we serve should be presented with all the options available, followed by a brief education and understanding of what they may or may not require.