After his resignation as governor, he retired from politics and died destitute in New York City in 1890. The imbroglio became a national scandal, and Frmont was unable to keep a handle on supply affairs. The soft-serve formula was. He was a United States senator from California and was the first Republican nominee for president of the U.S. in 1856 and founder of the California Republican Party when he was nominated. In Savannah, Anne took in boarders while Frmon taught French and dancing. [24] President Polk, who had met with Frmont at a cabinet meeting, was set on taking California. [24] In August 1844, Frmont and his party finally arrived back in St. Louis, enthusiastically received by the people, ending the journey that lasted over one year. Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. Burial. Benton pushed appropriations through Congress for national surveys of the Oregon Trail, the Oregon Country, the Great Basin, and Sierra Nevada Mountains to California. On occasion, they were able to detect evidence of Captain John Gunnison's expedition, which had followed the North Branch just months before. Entrepreneur. [144] With Frmont's approval, Grant proceeded to capture Paducah, Kentucky, without firing a shot, after Polk had violated Kentucky neutrality and had captured Columbus. [30][e], Taking 16 men, Frmont split his party again, arriving at Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley on December 9. It contained too few troops to defend against a Confederate attack. [161] Frmont withdrew, declining to launch a second assault, and the Confederates gained the territory previously occupied by the Union Army. There was an error deleting this problem. The soft-serve formula was first developed in 1938 by John Fremont "J.F." "Grandpa" McCullough and his son Alex. [96][h] In 1851 Hiland Hall, a former Governor of Vermont, was appointed chairman of the federal commission created to settle Mexican land titles in California;[98] he traveled to San Francisco to begin his work, and his son-in-law Trenor W. Park traveled with him. Many campaign rallies were held on the lawn, now the corner of Greenfield and Bay Street. [1][2] His biographer Allan Nevins wrote that Frmont lived a dramatic life of remarkable successes and dismal failures. [117][i] After Frmont arrived in Washington, D.C., he conferred with Lincoln and Commanding General Winfield Scott, himself making a plan to clear all Confederates out of Missouri and to make a general campaign down the Mississippi and advance on Memphis. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? John "Grandpa" McCullough named the shop Dairy Queen since he viewed the cow as the queen of the dairy industry and his soft serve ice cream as the queen of dairy products. [5] Between 1837 and 1838, Frmont's desire for exploration increased while in Georgia on reconnaissance to prepare for the removal of Cherokee Indians. [106] Rushing back to California hoping to thwart the Chivs, Frmont started his own election newspaper, the San Jose Daily Argus, however, to no avail, he was unable to get enough votes for re-election to the Senate. Anne Beverly Fremont was born in France on February 1, 1853, and died five months later. [150] Radicals in his camp and his wife Jessie urged Frmont to free the slaves of known Confederate supporters. But following the trail was made difficult by snow cover. Simpson's military reconnaissance expedition to the Navajos in 1849, and gave the American public some of its earliest authentic graphic images of the people and landscape of Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Colorado; with views of Canyon de Chelly, Chaco Canyon, and El Morro (Inscription Rock). Founders: John Fremont McCullough, Alex McCullough, Sherb Noble CEO: Troy Bader Key People: Warren Buffett Headquarters: Edina, Minnesota, United States Employees: 10,000 People Parent Organization: Berkshire Hathaway Known for: Low-fat soft Ice-cream Frmont, however, had been grounded in mathematics and natural sciences. [138], Responding the best he could to the Confederate and state militia threat, Frmont raised volunteer troops, purchased open market weapons and equipment, and sent his wife, Jessie, to Washington, D.C., where she lobbied President Lincoln for more reinforcements. [131] Frmont additionally set up a headquarters bodyguard of 300 Kentucky men, chosen for their uniform physical attributes. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results John Fremont McCullough (1870 - 1963) Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days. [22], When Nicollet was too ill to continue any further explorations, Frmont was chosen to be his successor. [96] Since Alvarado had purchased Las Mariposas on a "floating grant", the property borders were not precisely defined by the Mexican government. When Sloat learned that Frmont had acted on his own authority (thus raising doubt about a war declaration), he retired to his cabin. 0 cemeteries found in Davenport, Scott County, Iowa, USA. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. "John Fremont" redirects here. [175], On Sunday, July 13, 1890, at the age of 77, Frmont died of peritonitis at his residence at 49 West Twenty-fifth Street in New York. The following day, in a prearranged compromise, Lincoln removed ultra-conservative Montgomery Blair from his cabinet. [123] Compared to the Confederates, Frmont's forces were dispersed and disorganized. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. . [126], Frmont's arrival brought an aristocratic air that raised eyebrows and general disapproval among the people of St. [140] Frmont chose Grant and appointed him commander of the Cairo post in October 1861. Pronunciation of John Fremont McCullough with 2 audio pronunciations and more for John Fremont McCullough. Date of Birth - Death January 21, 1813 - July 13, 1890. Perhaps this was due to a sojourn through France before his appointment by President Lincoln. Frmont's exploration work with Nicollet brought him in contact with Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, powerful chairman of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs. Nelson. [47], Having reentered Mexican California headed south, Frmont and his army expedition stopped off at Peter Lassen's Ranch on May 24, 1846. He was charged with mutiny, disobedience of orders, assumption of powers, and several other military offenses. [5] A lawyer, John W. Mitchell, provided for Frmont's early education whereupon Frmont in May 1829 entered Charleston College, teaching at intervals in the countryside, but was expelled for irregular attendance in 1831. [sibling (s) unknown] Husband of Maud Mary (Findlay) McCullough married [date unknown] [location unknown] Father of Hugh Alexander McCullough. The enthralling, often surprising story of John Adams, one of the most important and fascinating Americans who ever lived. John Fremont McCullough 10 March 1871-9 February 1963 (Age 91) Douds, Van Buren, Iowa, United States The Life Summary of John Fremont When John Fremont McCullough was born on 10 March 1871, in Douds, Van Buren, Iowa, United States, his father, Andrew McCullough, was 45 and his mother, Mary Kittle, was 42. [81] Frmont gave orders for the California Battalion not to surrender arms, rode to Monterey to talk to Kearny, and told Kearny he would obey orders. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 1 daughter. Seeing America's wild horses in the wild was on my bucket list. Frmont's reputation, however, was damaged after he was relieved of command by Lincoln for insubordination. [122][117] Frmont had to organize an army in a slave state that was largely disloyal, having a limited number of Union soldiers, supplies, and arms. [110] Frmont, popularly known as The Pathfinder, however, had voter appeal and remained the symbol of the Republican Party. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. Translations in context of "JOHN FREMONT" in indonesian-english. [81] On February 13, specific orders were sent from Washington through Commanding General Winfield Scott giving Kearny the authority to be military governor of California. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. How to say John Fremont McCullough in English? There, Frmont had rented a lavish mansion for $6,000 a year, paid for by the government, and surrounded himself with Hungarian and Italian guards in brassy uniforms. [149] This last clause caused much concern. Despite losing many of his horses, mules and cannons, which slid down the muddy slopes during the rainy night, his men regrouped in the foothills (behind what is today Rancho Del Ciervo) the next morning, and captured the Presidio of Santa Barbara and the town without bloodshed. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. John Fremont, along with his son Alex, "tested" the new product at a friend's store. [162] By that afternoon Jackson put his army in motion to Brown's Gap beyond the reach of Frmont's artillery. [11] Frmont resigned from the navy and was appointed second lieutenant in the U.S. Topographical Corps, surveying a route for the Charleston, Louisville, and Cincinnati railroad. [96] Frmont was informed by Sonora Mexicans that gold had been discovered on his property. Frmont's wife Jessie, Bigelow, and Issac Sherman ran Frmont's campaign. [139] At first Frmont was going to appoint John Pope, but upon the recommendation of Major McKinstry, he interviewed unobtrusive Brigadier General Ulysses S. On November 1, Frmont ordered Grant to make a demonstration against Belmont, a steamboat landing across the river from Columbus, in an effort to drive Confederate General Price from Missouri. [129][130], Frmont ran his headquarters in St. Louis "like a European autocrat". In the 1840s, he led five expeditions into the western states. Lincoln, fearing that Frmont's emancipation order would tip Missouri (and other Border states) to secession, asked Frmont to revise the order. In 1810, Pryor hired Frmon to tutor his young wife Anne. [48] On May 31, Frmont made his camp on the Bear and Feather rivers 60 miles north of Sutter's Fort, where American immigrants ready for revolt against Mexican authority joined his party. [98] Frmont hired Park as a managing partner to oversee the day-to-day activities of the estate,[98] and Mexican laborers to wash out the gold on his property in exchange for a percentage of the profits. Resend Activation Email. [122] However, Lyon became trapped at Springfield with only 6,000 men (including Union Colonel Franz Sigel and his German corps). [126] Western Governors sent more troops to Frmont, but he did not have any weapons with which to arm them. On a rainy day in 2007, I remember learning that foals were being sent to a . [110] Many treated Jessie as an equal political professional, while Frmont was treated as an amateur. This movement became a crusade for politicians such as Benton and his new son-in-law. [21] Many people believed that Frmont's arrest and court-martial by Kearny during the MexicanAmerican War were unjustified. [97] Frmont was instantly a wealthy man, a five-mile quartz vein produced hundreds of pounds of placer gold each month. Frmont arrived in San Francisco on April 16, 1854. Frmont refused to do so, and sent his wife to plead his case. [96] After his court martial in 1848, Frmont moved to Las Mariposas and became a rancher, borrowing money from his father-in-law Benton and Senator John Dix to construct a house, corral, and barn. "[89], Intent on restoring his honor and explorer reputation after his court martial, in 1848, Frmont and his father-in-law Sen. Benton developed a plan to advance their vision of Manifest Destiny. "[66] On July 10, Frmont received a message from Montgomery that the U.S. Navy had occupied Monterey and Yerba Buena. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. Knowing that capture meant certain torture, especially with being well-known as a vigilant and deadly enemy of the Native Americans, McColloch used his expert horsemanship on a dash up a bordering hillside, known as Wheeling Hill. He issued an unauthorized emancipation edict and was relieved of his command for insubordination by Lincoln. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. [154] Meanwhile, the War Department compiled a report on Frmont's misconduct as commander in Missouri. Historians are divided in their opinions on this period of Frmont's career. [161] The 15th Alabama Infantry held off Frmont's attack for a half hour, followed by a long range artillery duel. [113] The campaign was particularly abusive, as the Democrats attacked Frmont's illegitimate birth and alleged Frmont was Catholic. There were no uniforms or military equipment either, and the soldiers were subject to food rationing, poor transportation, and lack of pay. Pryor confronted Anne when he found out she was having an affair with Frmon. [153] When Frmont remained obdurate, Lincoln publicly revoked the emancipation clause of the proclamation on 11 September. After the Civil War, he lost much of his wealth in the unsuccessful Pacific Railroad in 1866, and he lost more in the Panic of 1873. [24] Back in St. Louis, Frmont organized an armed surveying expedition of 60 men, with Carson as a guide, and two distinguished scouts, Joseph Walker and Alexis Godey. [24] Looping back to the east to stay on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, they turned south again as far as present-day Minden, Nevada, reaching the Carson River on January 18, 1844. In October 1848 he embarked with 35 men up the Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas rivers to explore the terrain. A system error has occurred. Exactly who committed the murders is a point of controversy, but later accounts point to Carson acting at the behest, if not the order, of Frmont.[f]. He was later reinforced when Stockton sent troops to drive off Pio Pico and his forces. An equestrian, philanthropist and prolific rescuer of unwanted horses, McCullough had long been a prominent advocate of equine welfare as well. On Wednesday he came down with a chill and was confined to his bedroom. Librarian of Congress James H. Billington engages noted author and historian David McCullough in a discussion on John Adams. [15] Frmont invited Carson on the second expedition, due to his proven skills, and he joined Frmont's party on the Arkansas River. [130] A rumor spread in Washington that Frmont was planning to start his own republic or empire in the West. And even a cursory investigation of the court-martial record produces one undeniable conclusion: neither side in the controversy acquitted itself with distinction. [15] Frmont and his wife Jessie wrote a Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains (1843), which was printed in newspapers across the country; the public embraced his vision of the west not as a place of danger but wide open and inviting lands to be settled. [137] Frmont was severely criticized for the defeat and for Lyon's death, having sent troops to reinforce Cairo, rather than to help Lyon's depleted forces 10 miles south of Springfield. [49] From there he made another attack on local Native Americans in a rancheria (see Sutter Buttes massacre). On November 25 at what is now Florence, Colorado, he turned sharply south. Title Major General. [97] Fremont carried 11 states, and Buchanan carried 19. [140] Grant had a reputation for being a "drifter and a drunkard" in the Old Army, but Frmont viewed Grant independently using his own judgment. They believed it was the nation's destiny to control the continent. Sorry! [181] Nevins said Frmont was encouraged by his parents to heighten his inherited self-reliant, heedless, and adventuresome traits and that he lacked the discipline his passionate spirit and quick mind most needed. John Fremont "Grandpa" McCullough. [24] It was at this time a dispute began between Stockton and Kearny over who had control of the military, but the two managed to work together to stop the Los Angeles uprising. So, the duo reached out to their friend to ask if they could test their product with an "all-you-can-eat" event at his ice cream store. [21] His reliable accounts, including published maps, narrations, and scientific documentations of his expeditions, guided American emigrants overland into the West starting in the mid-1840s. After a brief service tenure in the Mountain Department in 1862, Frmont resided in New York, retiring from the army in 1864. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. The Western department included the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. [129][130] One Californian contracted for the construction of 38 mortar boats for $8,250 apiece, almost double what they were worth. [61] Solnit wrote that Frmont's unpopularity in California, while Frmont was a Republican candidate during the presidential election of 1856, and losing the state, was in part due to this incident. [44] A few weeks later, Frmont and his armed militia returned to California. At Bent's Fort, he engaged "Uncle Dick" Wootton as guide, and at what is now Pueblo, Colorado, he hired the eccentric Old Bill Williams and moved on. [172] The Panic of 1873, caused by over speculation in the railroad industry, and the depression that followed, wiped out much of Frmont's remaining wealth. It took the Beatles' Ballad of John and Yoko to dislodge it three weeks later. Through his power and influence, Senator Benton obtained for Frmont the leadership, funding, and patronage of three expeditions. [3][4], John Charles Frmont was born on January 21, 1813, the son of Charles Frmon, a French-Canadian immigrant school-teacher,[5][6][a] and Anne Beverley Whiting, the youngest daughter of socially prominent Virginia planter Col. Thomas Whiting. [5] When Poinsett became Secretary of War, he arranged for Frmont to assist notable French explorer and scientist Joseph Nicollet in exploring the lands between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. [101] Billings later embarked on several trips to Europe in an unsuccessful effort to sell Frmont's Mariposa mine shares. The concept of soft serve was developed in 1938 by John Fremont McCullough and his son Bradley. David McCullough. He reorganized its assets as the Southwest Pacific Railroad in August, but less than a year later (June 1867), the railroad was repossessed by the state after Frmont was unable to pay the second installment of the purchase price. Benton Frmont was born in Washington on July 24, 1848; he died in St. Louis before he was a year old. john fremont mccullough horsesandie and michael rinaldo. Frmont was court-martialed and convicted of mutiny and insubordination after a conflict over who was the rightful military governor of California. [122][123] Frmont was forty-eight years old, grey-haired and considered handsome. Headstrong and with much audacity, Frmont raised the United States Flag in defiance of Mexican authority. Douds, Van Buren County, Iowa, USA. [65] Commodore Sloat had his proclamation read and posted in English and Spanish: " henceforth California would be a portion of the United States. HBO adapted the former into a television movie and the latter into a miniseries. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. But most importantly, it's likely that Victoria has saved more horses from slaughter than anyone else in America. His symptoms progressed to peritonitis (an abdominal infection) which caused his death. hackberry allergy symptoms; 49ers paying players under the table; john fremont mccullough horse Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of John McCullough (42555097)? They partnered with ice cream shop owner Sheb Noble to open the first Dairy Queen in Joliet, Illinois, in 1940. [24] Captain John Sutter, a German-Mexican (and later American by treaty) immigrant and founder of the fort, received Frmont gladly and refitted his expedition party. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. [96] There was question whether the three mining districts on the land were public domain, while the Merced Mining Company was actively mining on Frmont's property. As the Union line broke, similar to the first Battle of Bull Run in the east, the Confederates won the battle and captured Springfield, thus opening Western Missouri for Confederate advancement. [95], On February 10, 1847, Frmont purchased seventy square miles of land in the Sierra foothills, called Las Mariposas, through land speculator Thomas Larkin, for $3,000. [169] Frmont was supported by Radical Republicans, immigrants from Western Germany, and War Democrats. [91] By December 12, on Boot Mountain, it took ninety minutes to progress three hundred yards. Died 9 Feb 1963 at age 91 in Davenport, Scott . [64] Believing Frmont to be acting on orders from Washington, Sloat began to carry out his orders. John Fremont McCullough. john fremont mccullough horse fairfield women's lacrosse schedule 2022 June 11, 2022. cleveland, mississippi segregation 5:39 am 5:39 am Family members linked to this person will appear here. Frmont was a native of Georgia but an opponent of slavery. [85] Additionally, Polk wished to placate Thomas Hart Benton, a powerful senator and Frmont's father-in-law, who felt that Frmont was innocent. In December 1846, U.S. Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny arrived in California under "orders from President Polk" after taking New Mexico, then to march onto "California where, "Should you conquer and take possession of California, you will establish a civil government. [33] Castro and Mexican officials were suspicious of Frmont and he was ordered to leave the country. [97], At the start of the Civil War, Frmont was touring Europe in an attempt to find financial backers in his California Las Mariposas estate ranch. [15], Rather than turning around and heading back to St. Louis, Frmont resolved to explore the Great Basin between the Rockies and the Sierras and fulfill Benton's dream of acquiring the West for the United States. This is a carousel with slides. [156] [97] Seeking a united front and a fresh face for the party, the Republicans nominated Frmont for president over other candidates, and conservative William L. Dayton of New Jersey, for vice president, at their June 1856 convention held in Philadelphia. In 1940, the McCulloughs and Mr. Noble opened their first soft-serve ice cream stand in Joliet, Illinois. Upon his return, Frmont produced a new map in 1845 that included the second expedition, and Frmont's conclusion that the still-unmapped areas of the Great Basin were "believed to be filled with lakes and rivers which have no communication with the sea". [147], Frmont came under increasing pressure for decisive action, as Confederates controlled half of Missouri, Confederate troops under Price and McCulloch remained ready to strike, and rebel guerillas were wreaking havoc, wrecking trains, cutting telegraph lines, burning bridges, raiding farms, and attacking Union posts. Carson felt that he owed Frmont his life. [156] Pressure soon mounted among Radicals and Frmont supporters for his reinstatement of command in the Army. He speaks with Bret regarding what a wise. So, he sent a four-man rescue party south. [155], After being dismissed by Lincoln, Frmont left Springfield and returned to St. optavia approved cauliflower crust We were staying in the Grand Tetons but drove up to Cody WY to see if we could see the wild horses. [143] On August 30, Grant assumed charge of the Union Army on the Mississippi. [110] This practice was typical in presidential campaigns of the 19th century. [21] Beginning in 1842, Frmont led five western expeditions, however, between the third and fourth expeditions, Frmont's career took a fateful turn because of the MexicanAmerican War. [120] Both Frmont and his subordinate, General John Pope, believed that Ulysses S. Grant was the fighting general needed to secure Missouri from the Confederates. [130] [46] Afterward, Carson was nearly killed by a Klamath warrior. I thought you might like to see a memorial for John Fremont Grandpa McCullough I found on Findagrave.com. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. March 15, 2016 Robert Horton, a ruggedly handsome actor who found television stardom in 1957 as the scout Flint McCullough on " Wagon Train " but who resisted being typecast in westerns as he. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. He went to New York City, where he remained throughout the war, expecting to receive another command, but none was forthcoming. Frmont is remembered for his planting of the American flag on the Rocky Mountains during his first expedition, symbolically claiming the West for the United States. john fremont mccullough horse. 350,902 ratings6,956 reviews. examples of bad manners. The party journeyed between Missouri and San Francisco, California, over a combination of known trails and unexplored terrain. Frmont led his unit over the Santa Ynez Mountains at San Marcos Pass in a rainstorm on the night of December 24, 1846. [114][112], Frmont's campaign was headquartered near his home (St. George) next to the Clifton ferry landing. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. [60] On June 28, General Castro, on the other side of San Francisco Bay, sent a row boat across to Point San Pablo on the shores of San Rafael with a message for de la Torre. Fremont mapped most of the Oregon Trail and climbed the second highest peak in the Wind River Mountains. This included the arrest of Frank Blair, which ended Frmont's alliance with the Blair family, who had backed him for the presidential nomination in 1856. Make sure that the file is a photo. Frmont decided to meet Confederate General Leonidas Polk head-on to control the trunk of the Mississippi. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. [97] Frmont announced that he was for Free Soil Kansas and was against the enforcement of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Blair was upset that Frmont had not awarded his friends war contracts. [24] Frmont and his party turned south along the eastern flank of the Cascades through the Oregon territory to Pyramid Lake, which he named. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. He invested heavily in the railroad industry, but the Panic of 1873 wiped out Frmont's fortune, and his appearance thereafter looked tired and aging. Grant. [157], Frmont and his army and two other generals, Nathaniel P. Banks and Irvin McDowell, and their respective armies, were in charge of protecting the Shenandoah Valley and Washington D.C.[158] Rather than having these armies under one command, Lincoln and Stanton micromanaged their movements. Mccullough is a 3 year old colt and has raced from 2022 to 2023. [174] Destitute, the family depended on the publication earnings of his wife Jessie. Frmont received 114 electoral votes to 174 votes received by Buchanan. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. [55] The four prisoners were then taken to Frmont's camp 80 miles away. The McCullough Peaks Wild Horse Herd Management Area (HMA) is located 12 to 27 miles east of Cody (70 miles east of Yellowstone National Park) and encompasses 109,814 acres of land, including the McCullough Peaks Wilderness Study Area. Shadow Senator (Class 1) from California, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_C._Frmont&oldid=1142366420. ictoria McCullough is chairman of Chesapeake Petroleum, the largest private oil company in America. Gold was found on his Mariposa ranch, and Frmont became a wealthy man during the California Gold Rush. We went into Buffalo Bill's Irma Hotel and restaurant and picked up the brochure on a wild horse trip the next day to McCullough Peaks through Red Canyon Wild Mustang Tour. John Fremont McCullough: Birthdate: 1871: Birthplace: Van Buren County, Iowa, United States: Death: 1963 (91-92) Davenport, Scott County, Iowa, United States Immediate Family: Husband of Maud Mary McCullough and Louise "Lula" Swenson/McCullough. Forces in California". Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? [110] She received popular attention much more than potential First Ladies, and Republicans celebrated her participation in the campaign calling her Our Jessie. Frmont's initial explorations, his timely scientific reports, co-authored by his wife Jessie, and their romantic writing style, encouraged Americans to travel West.